Reviews
SHIPS IN THE FOREST
Irish Times, ****, Siobhán
Long
There's enough space in Karan Casey's new collection to
accommodate the deepest breath, the most complex storylines - and, fittingly,
her bare-boned lonesome voice. Casey's unhurried account of the murderous
betrayal of Dunlavin Green, with little more than Caoimhín Vallely's
foreboding piano for company, reflects a singer who knows she has nothing
more to prove than the health of her appetite for a great song. Gracefully
acknowledging her debt to the late Frank Harte, Casey offers a delicate
assembly of likely and unlikely choices. The unlikely songs are epitomised
by her musical and geographical transformation of Joni Mitchell's The
Fiddle and the Drum, the likely ones by her reinvention of the hackneyed
Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye. Donald Shaw's minimalist production
is pitch perfect,as is Casey's partner, Niall Vallely's spare, white-knuckled
concertina.
Karan Casey Sings Songs
of Conscience and Heartbreak
Her New Solo CD Is a Double Label Debut
By Earle Hitchner
[Published on May 7, 2008, in the IRISH ECHO newspaper, New York City.
Copyright (c) Earle Hitchner. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission
of author.]
In 1969 the most popular song on Joni Mitchell's second solo album, "Clouds,"
was "Both Sides Now," with which Judy Collins had a huge stateside
hit the previous year and the Johnstons (featuring Mick Moloney) had a
hit in Ireland. The other popular song on the album was "Chelsea
Morning," which would later inspire Bill and Hillary Clinton's naming
of their daughter.
But also on that album was "The Fiddle and the Drum," an anti-war
song by Joni Mitchell that was sung unaccompanied. It was topical then,
during the Vietnam War, and her lyrics were unmistakable in their meaning:
"What time is this / To trade the handshake for the fist" and
"We have all come / To fear the beating of your drum."
This 39-year-old song took on renewed topicality in 2007 with the release
of "The Fiddle and the Drum," a 55-minute film in which Canada's
Alberta Ballet Company danced to Jean Grand-Maitre's choreography set
to several Joni Mitchell songs, including the title one. Mitchell and
Grand-Maitre directed the film, depicting through his choreography and
her music and artwork (projected on a large stage screen) their combined
concerns about rising militarism and environmental heedlessness.
Whether inspired by Mitchell's song on "Clouds" or by the limited-circulation
film of the ballet, Waterford-born, Cork resident singer Karan Casey gives
a fresh interpretation to "The Fiddle and the Drum" on her new
solo album, "Ships in the Forest." Lunasa's Cillian Vallely,
Casey's brother-in-law, opens the song with some stark playing on the
uilleann pipes, and the drone of those pipes sets into equally stark relief
Casey's haunting, spare vocal.
Released last month in the U.S. on Compass Records, this new solo CD from
Casey follows four previous solo albums recorded with Shanachie between
1997 and 2005. "Ships in the Forest" will also be released this
month in Ireland and France on Crow Valley Music, Casey's own label, launched
in Glenville, Cork, where she lives. In that sense, it is a double label
debut for her.
To try to boost sales, especially for her fledgling imprint, Casey could
have opted for don't-worry-be-happy or latte-angst-sprinkled-with-cinnamon-anger
songs heard on many commercial and noncommercial radio shows today. But
she's smarter and more sincere than that, preferring to draw on the more
durable folk-trad legacy of songs with an edge, bite, or earned sadness
to them.
Like Dick Gaughan, whose new live album I reviewed a few weeks ago, Casey
is neither timid nor intimidated in her choices of music. The songs on
her new album are dark, not dainty; candid, not candied. Genuine honesty
carries hope and the possibility of redemption, and both, however fragile,
subtly inform these beautifully brooding renditions of honest songs from
one of Ireland's most passionate and probing vocalists.
On her website Casey states, "I think it has taken me all my years
as a singer to come to the point of feeling confident enough to tackle
the big songs within the traditional repertoire." But she slightly
shortchanges herself in that remark because she has consistently tackled
substantive, noteworthy songs within the traditional repertoire, such
as "Shamrock Shore," "An Buachaillin Ban," "The
Snows They Melt the Soonest," "The King's Shilling," "Eirigh
Suas A Stoirin," "The Four Loom Weaver," and "Jimmy
Whelan," which span her four prior solo albums. Those aren't small
songs, and her versions of them aren't small either. Granted, many of
the songs on "Ships in the Forest" are familiar within the folk
and traditional repertoire, yet she brings them up to newness through
her ability to get inside them and tap their emotional core.
In pianist Caoimhin Vallely, another brother-in-law, Casey has an ideal
accompanist who can initially set the right mood and then react instantly
and deftly to the nuances of her voice. That's rare, and it can be heard
to stirring effect on her masterly, sensitive interpretation of "Black
Is the Color," a folksong chestnut if ever there was one. Possibly
sparked by Nina Simone's quietly smoldering version on her 1959 album,
"Nina Simone at Town Hall," Casey uses the shaded, jazz-like
sensibility of Vallely on piano to deliver her own memorable vocal full
of feeling. The arrangement is inspired, and the entire track lingers
in the mind after the last delicate keyboard note is sounded.
Another folk staple, "Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye," is imbued with
new tension through Caoimhin Vallely's piano playing, which employs spot-on
accents to complement Casey's singing. Husband Niall Vallely expertly
provides support as well on concertina, with Robbie Overson adding his
own guitar hues to the portrait painted in this anti-war song of a returning
soldier maimed almost beyond recognition: "Ye haven't an arm, ye
haven't a leg / Ye're an armless, boneless, chickenless egg / Ye'll have
to put a bowl out to beg / Oh, Johnny I hardly knew ye." The challenge
of this folksong is to convey both sympathy and ire without sliding into
sensationalism, sullenness, or sermonizing, and Casey succeeds magnificently.
"Dunlavin Green," a song about the tragic outcome of a 1798
rebellion by the United Irishmen, begins with Caoimhin Vallely's piano
and Kate Ellis's cello, which frame Casey's pensive, poignant vocal that
manages to uncover deeper layers of meaning.
Vallely's piano and Ellis's cello also gently gird Casey's equally persuasive
singing of the traditional "I Once Loved a Lass" and Robert
Burns's "Ae Fond Kiss," while piano principally threads through
her moving rendition of the traditional "Love Is Pleasing."
No accompaniment appears on "Maidin Luan Chincise," a sean-nos
song in Irish that Casey sings with melismatic brilliance and absolutely
owns by the time it ends.
Martin Furey, Finbar's son and now a member of the High Kings, wrote "Town
of Athlone," and Casey infuses it with an animated fervor. The remaining
album song, "Erin's Lovely Home," is also a slightly more uptempo
arrangement, in this case, of a song about Famine-motivated immigration.
When I attended Karan Casey's concert in a double bill with Lunasa at
Manhattan's Highline Ballroom on March 13, I was greatly impressed with
the way she tightly linked four songs, including "Dunlavin Green"
and "I Once Loved a Lass," to form a larger story arc. In my
review I pointed out that melancholy can be mesmerizing when it is approached
with imagination.
Karan Casey has plenty of imagination, along with the vocal range and
coloration to put an unhackneyed, unforgettable stamp on venerable, unfrothy
songs. "I feel that this is by far my most ambitious album to date,"
she said on her website about "Ships in the Forest," whose title
comes from the line "How many ships sail in the forest" in "I
Once Loved a Lass."
I agree with her, and I'd add one sheepish wish: a live album displaying
her impressive, newfound, no-safety-net inventiveness in closely connecting
powerful songs to create a more powerful, sweeping narrative.
"Ships in the Forest" (cat. no. 7-4476-2) is available from
Compass Records, 916 19th Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, 615-320-7672.
Visit www.compassrecords.com, www.karancasey.com, or www.crowvalleymusic.com
for more information.
Casey's Other Projects
Besides recording a new solo CD and also touring with her band (Caoimhin
Vallely, Kate Ellis, and Robbie Overson), Karan Casey has engaged or will
soon engage in several other musical endeavors. She has collaborated with
Gilles Le Bigot, a Breton guitarist who has performed with Kornog and
French accordionist Serge Desaunay, on a project called "Voix de
la Terre." On the horizon for Casey are separate collaborations with
the Vallely Brothers Big Band and with her former Solas colleague Seamus
Egan, Crooked Still singer Aoife O'Donovan, and the Scottish trio Lau,
comprising vocalist and guitarist Kris Drever, fiddler Aidan O'Rourke,
and piano accordionist Martin Green.
Billboard.com, Chris Nickson,
All Music Guide
You have to admire Karan Casey for being willing to take chances with
her material. Certainly, she doesn't have to prove herself as a singer,
since she's already at the top of the tree, so instead she seems to have
set herself challenges. There's very much a bleakness to some of the songs,
with a couple falling squarely into the anti-war camp ("Johnny We
Hardly Knew Ye" and a dark, droning version of Joni Mitchell's "The
Fiddle and the Drum"), but the feeling is of sorrow rather than anger.
There's a track in Gaelic, and a gorgeous Martin Furey song, "Town
of Athlone," which holds its own against any traditional ballad,
as well as some heartbreak on "I Once Loved a Lass" and "Love
Is Pleasing," deftly and delicately handled. And it possibly wouldn't
be a real Irish album without an emigration ballad ("Erin's Lovely
Home") or one of nationalism ("Dunlavin Green") -- but
Casey has picked songs that are outside the common mold, for all that
they're traditional. She's developed into a singer or great and glorious
subtlety who can communicate emotions with a dazzling range, and these
songs force her to do just that, but without any histrionics. On "Black
Is the Colour" you feel the awe and gentle love of singer for subject,
for example. With Ships in the Forest, Casey shows herself capable of
anything.
USA Today, Ken Barnes
Casey used to sing with Irish folk band Solas, who mixed
occasional superb traditional ballads with tons of jigs and reels and
other instrumentals that always impelled me to hit the skip button. On
her own, the balance is more favorably redressed, to my mind, toward the
ballads, and some of these are shiver-inducingly excellent.
The Bluegrass Special, Billy
Altman
Lest anyone think there's even an ounce of hyperbolic
blarney to the statement that singer Karan Casey is one of the brightest
lights on the contemporary Celtic music scene, then perhaps the best way
to begin
discussing her latest CD Ships In The Forest is to say that her renditions
here of "Black is the Colour (of My True Love's Hair)" and "Johnny
I Hardly Knew Ye" will have you re-thinking songs you were sure you
never wanted hear again in this and maybe even a few yet-to-come lifetimes.
www.musicroad.com
On her new solo album, Ships in the Forest, Karan Casey
offers songs of love, song of politics, songs of Irish history, and songs
which touch on all of that together.
Irish music is marked by a select handful of very distinct female voices,
Dolores Keane, Mary Black, Maura O’Connell, Susan McKeown, and Cathie
Ryan among them. Casey stands in their company. Both her singing and her
song choices on this project show a growing maturity and thoughtfulness
added to what was already a strong set of musical choices, choices informed
by her insights at moving back to her native Ireland after living in America
for some time, and by watching her children explore the world as they
grow. She takes on several of the big songs of the tradition, including
Black is the Color, I Once Loved a Lass, and Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye,
and adds her own colors to them. She also takes on Robert Burns with Ae
Fond Kiss, and in what may be the heart of the album, reinvents Joni Mitchell’s
The Fiddle and the Drum as a song which encompasses both the sweep if
Irish history and the uncertainties of contemporary political and moral
choices. It’s a set of songs. Casey says, which she feels all her
other work has been getting her ready to take on. “It is by no means
for the faint hearted but I think it’s worth a long listen,”
she adds. It is.
As broadcast on WVIA-FM 4/9/2008, George
Graham
The Celtic music scene continues unabated after its revival of popularity
back in the 1980s. And one of the artists who emerged as part of the scene
in the 1990s is vocalist Karan Casey, who was the founding lead singer
with the group Solas, one of the innovative young bands in the genre.
Ms. Casey left Solas amicably to raise a family and maintain a solo career
at a somewhat slower pace, but that has not stopped her from releasing
a series of fine solo albums, starting in 2001 with The Winds Begin to
Sing. Now she is out with her fifth solo recording, which she describes
has being her most ambitious, called Ships in the Forest.
Calling it "most ambitious" might be a bit surprising at first
to the casual listener, since the album features very spare instrumentation,
and ostensibly simple arrangements. The material largely consists of traditional
songs -- some quite familiar. But the 39-year-old Ms. Casey says "It
has taken all my years as a singer to come to the point of feeling confident
enough to tackle the big songs within the traditional repertoire."
And she provides distinctive treatments with superb, subtle vocal performances,
with the accompaniment putting an even greater focus on her singing. The
result is a memorable, often plaintive-sounding album that is largely
melancholy in mood.
In fact, this is quite a bunch of sad songs, several of which are about
war, and its losses, along with downright tragic love songs, and a song
about the hardships the Irish endured in their emigration to America during
the famine of the 19th Century. The material also includes Robert Burns
and Joni Mitchell, along with a new contemporary song that sounds a couple
of hundred years old.
As the great English folk artist June Tabor has been doing, Karan Casey
performs the many of the songs with piano accompaniment, rather than guitar
or other so-called "folk" instruments. To be sure there are
bagpipes and guitars, but for a Celtic album, the dominance by the piano
is unconventional.
The recording was made in Ms. Casey's home in Ireland, with Caoimhin Vallely
on the piano, along with Kate Ellis on cello, another prominent and unconventional
instrument, Robbie Overson and Kris Drever on guitars, among others. Ms.
Casey is credited with at least co-arranging the traditional material
on the album.
Leading off is one of the sad songs about love. Love Is Pleasing tells
the story of a woman losing her lover to another, and the ruing the situation
to the point of wishing never to have been born. <<>>
The first of the songs about war and violence is Dunlavin Green, ostensibly
about a massacre of 36 wrongly accused men. Ms. Casey's performance accompanied
by only the piano gives the song extra poignancy. <<>>
One of the most familiar pieces Ms. Casey does on Ships in the Forest
is Black is the Color, which was a standard folk song back in the 1960s.
It's one of the most positive on the album lyrically -- it's basically
a love song -- but Ms. Casey's stark performance gives it a distinctly
melancholy aura. <<>>
With a more upbeat musical setting featuring guitar is The Town of Athlone,
one of several song about war and its consequences. In this case, it's
the story of a young mother, the widow of a soldier killed in war. Though
it sounds traditional, it's actually a contemporary song written by one
Martin Furay. <<>>
Also on the subject of war, is another relatively contemporary song --
from 40 years ago, rather than 200 -- Joni Mitchell's The Fiddle and the
Drum. Ms. Casey gives it a haunting treatment accompanied by a set of
bagpipes, played by Cillian Vallely. <<>>
The great Irish exodus of the mid 19th century has been the fodder of
many a song over the years. Ms. Casey does a rather well-known example,
Erin's Lovely Home, whose lyrics tell the story of a family who made the
trip to America, but only some of whom survived the trip. <<>>
Perhaps the most intriguing track to American audiences is the song Johnny
I Hardly Knew Ye, which shares a tune with the American Civil War song
When Johnny Comes Marching Home. This is a traditional song from the other
side of the Atlantic about a solder who returns from war a badly injured
amputee. <<>>
The CD's oxymoronic title Ships in the Forest comes from a line in the
closing song I Once a Loved a Lass, written from a man's point of view.
He apparently let his love slip from his hands, and she marries someone
else. In his despair, we wants to do himself in. <<>>
For such a beautiful-sounding album, Karan Casey's new CD Ships in the
Forest is a collection of really sad songs, ranging from love lost to
wars, tragedies and massacres. Of course, that is the stuff of old folk
songs, and that was her aim, in plunging into the traditional material
on this album. And with the stark, spare accompaniment, the songs are
in a way, made more powerful by Ms. Casey's superb performances: poignant,
but never maudlin, achieving their impact through understatement, and
irony through the beauty of the music.
Our grade for sound quality is a one of our relatively rare "A's."
Ms. Casey's vocals are nicely recorded, with a good balance between intimacy
and atmosphere. The dynamic range is also decent, by contemporary standards.
This may or may not be the kind of album to play when you're feeling blue.
The lyrics can bring a tear to the eye, but at the same time, one can't
help but derive great pleasure from these memorable performances by one
of the great voices in contemporary Celtic music.
(c) Copyright 2008 George D. Graham. All rights reseved.
LIVE
High-Level Music at Highline
Ballroom
Irish Echo, Earle Hitchner
[Published on March 26, 2008, in the IRISH ECHO newspaper, New York City.
Copyright (c) Earle Hitchner. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission
of author.]
It had been a while since I last saw Waterford-born vocalist Karan Casey
perform, so on March 13 I came to the Highline Ballroom on West 16th Street
in Manhattan's Chelsea area with the expectation that I would hear something
similar from her: uncommonly skilled, sensitive singing with proficient
accompaniment.
By chance I met Casey inside the club a half-hour before showtime, and
she told me of an ordeal she had suffered on March 8 in Calgary. While
performing on stage there, she was robbed. The thief absconded with her
Irish passport and a five-figure amount of cash that she and her bandmates
had earned halfway through their North American winter tour. She had to
go to Ottawa in subfreezing weather to sort out a new passport, and by
the time she got to Manhattan for the March 13 performance, she was fighting
a chest cold.
On top of that, two of her regular bandmates were absent: cellist Kate
Ellis and guitarist Robbie Overson. Concertinist Niall Vallely, with whom
Casey has two young children in Cork, was filling in for Ellis, while
guitarist Ross Martin, a member of the Scottish group Harem Scarum, was
filling in for Overson.
So it would have been perfectly understandable if the depleted Casey and
her three colleagues--regular bandmate Caoimhin Vallely on electric keyboard,
his brother Niall, and Ross Martin--could only muster a professionally
workmanlike performance in the Highline Ballroom.
Neither my expectation for something similar from her nor my expectation
for just a serviceable performance were met. Instead, Casey's performance
was honed, assured, and adventurous. It was more than courageous. It was
stunning.
She opened starkly with the antiwar ballad "Johnny, I Hardly Knew
Ye" and followed with "Black Is the Color of My True Love's
Hair." Casey's setting for the latter song may have been inspired
by a live rendition from one of her idols, Nina Simone (1933-2003), on
the 1959 album "Nine Simone at Town Hall."
Still misunderstood and under-appreciated (especially by critics) in the
U.S., North Carolina-born Nina Simone had a strong, defiant personality
and an acute sense of injustice. Both informed her singing of such songs
as "Mississippi Goddam," which she wrote after Civil Rights
leader Medgar Evers was murdered and which was widely banned in the South,
and "Strange Fruit," written by Lewis Allan, the pen name of
Abel Meeropol, a New York City schoolteacher who adopted the two children
of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg after their execution for espionage in 1953.
Casey acknowledged Simone's version of "Strange Fruit" in a
brief track note for her own rendition on "The Winds Begin to Sing"
album in 2001.
Like Simone, Casey bristles at bigotry and inequity of all stripes. And
like Simone, Casey knows that protest songs can sometimes be more effectively
delivered without shouting, as she demonstrated in her singing of "Johnny,
I Hardly Knew Ye."
Delicate keyboard playing was the instrumental framework for both Casey's
and Simone's versions of "Black Is the Color of My True Love's Hair,"
and a soft, sultry, nuanced vocal from each singer overlaid that backup.
In the case of Caoimhin Vallely, who may be the finest accompanist Casey
has ever had, he brought a Bill Evans-like touch to supporting Casey's
vocal, which conveyed some of Simone's smoky undercurrent.
But what stood out above all in Casey's opening performance was a magnificently
arranged medley of four songs linked together with instrumental ligatures.
This vocal medley included "Dunlavin Green" and "I Once
Loved a Lass," and all four songs, each a separate story unto itself,
formed an overarching narrative of mesmerizing melancholy. During this
segment, the window into feeling disappeared. It was just feeling--naked,
fragile, and impossible to shake off.
Casey said she wanted to follow with a "happy song," and true
to her nature, the "happy song" she sang without accompaniment
was Leon Rosselson's ferocious indictment of greed, "The World Turned
Upside Down (The Diggers' Song)."
For her encore, she sang without accompaniment Jean Ritchie's "One,
I Love," as direct and poignant a love song as you'll ever hear.
It concluded a set that also featured some deft tune playing by the two
Vallely brothers and Martin....
...Inside the well-designed Highline Ballroom, a relatively new and promising
venue for Manhattan concerts, the double bill of Lunasa and the Karan
Casey Band proved to be the right musical antidote to the emerald-dyed
kitsch customarily leading up to St. Patrick's Day.
CHASING THE SUN
Songlines, Geoff Wallis
**** Confident, sharp, and to the point" Casey gets
the job done.
Karan Casey doesn't just wear her heart on her sleeve, it sits there throbbing
and pounding, suffusing her songs with a vigorous, iron sense of purpose.
The woman from County Waterford with the golden voice has so far produced
three impressive solo albums (not counting her work with Solas) but Chasing
The Sun is a massive leap forward.
It's not just the finely tuned settings of Casey's voice against the sparse
backdrop of guitar, bouzouki or mandolin (supported by Ewen Vernal's understated
bass-playing) which puts this album on a higher level than her previous
releases. There are also the subtle injections of Niall Vallely's concertina,
for starters, and a sensitive use of overdubbed vocal harmonies.
Key to it all is that, far more than its three predecessors, Chasing
The Sun successfully marries a mix of traditional but sharp-tongued
songs - such as the epic unaccompanied ballad "Jimmy Whelan"
- with contemporary material that reflects Casey's rising status as one
of Ireland's most politically-charged singers.
Her own compositions reveal increasing confidence and incisive social
awareness, not least "When Will We All Be Free", which attacks
Ireland's current policies on immigration. Above all, however, the songs
are invigorated by her gorgeous, sensual and utterly knowing voice.
Living Tradition, Debbie
Koritsas
‘Chasing The Sun’, produced
by percussionist John Anthony (who was behind Casey’s debut release,
‘Songlines’), marks a return to a pure, acoustic recording
style for this Waterford-born singer-songwriter. Recorded at Casey’s
home in Ireland, these 13 songs constitute an exquisite listening experience
– subtlety seems to be the name of the game here, both vocally and
instrumentally.
The album has the potential to become overshadowed by contemporaneous
singer-songwriter releases such as Kate Rusby’s ‘The Girl
Who Couldn’t Fly’, but this beautifully lyrical, acoustic
album should not be overlooked – this is traditional Irish song
at its best, and Casey’s voice is at once haunting and pure. She
now has 3 solo albums to her credit – ‘Songlines’, ‘The
Winds Begin To Sing’, and ‘Distant Shore’ – and
this fourth offering stands tall alongside its predecessors. She contributes
7 of her own compositions here; I’ve found myself listening time
and again to self-penned numbers such as ‘When Will We All Be Free’,
with rhythm-defining guitar-playing from Paul Meehan and Robbie Overson.
Double bassist Ewen Vernal expresses himself sublimely on ‘The Time
Will Pass’. Niall Vallely’s concertina playing underpins many
songs very subtly. But it is Karan Casey’s voice that draws you
in from start to finish – this album’s a real grower.
Flautist/piper Barry Kerr contributes three beautiful songs, with discreetly
expressed political undertones – there’s nothing ‘in
your face’ about this album. The two traditional songs reveal Casey’s
voice at its most haunting – her lone, stark, ethereal voice has
the power and grace to carry traditional songs such as ‘The Brown
And The Yellow Ale’ with strength and absolute confidence.
This album has irresistible, addictive qualities that make it very hard
to switch off from.
Folk Roundabout
Karan, former lead singer of Irish-American band Solas,
released a wonderful third solo album Distant Shore only a short time
ago; here's its followup, which concentrates even more on Karan's own
songwriting talent. Six of the thirteen tracks are her own compositions
this time round, and rather lovely they are too. Two of my favourite tracks
on this CD happen to be among this half-dozen, in fact: the gorgeous opening
(title) track, and the atmospheric Bright Winter's Day with its gently
choppy rhythmic staccato. You'll probably think me crazy, but on at least
two songs (the title track and This Time Will Pass) I was rather reminded
– in a quite nice way, I hasten to add – of Kate Rusby, most
especially in the way the melodic line reflects a quasi-traditional idiom,
although I also detected a certain resemblance in Karan's tonal phrasing
and shaping too at times (though Karan's voice lacks the more overtly
girlish sweetness of Kate's singing). Aside, then, from Karan's own compositions,
Chasing The Sun contains three by Barry Kerr (a young
musician from Co. Armagh) and one by Robbie O'Connell, while there's also
a delicious arrangement of Burns' Lady Mary Anne, the remainder being
arrangements of traditional songs. Another feature of Chasing The Sun
which I really like is Karan's deliberate decision to keep the accompanying
instrumentation simple and acoustic, to achieve something very close to
a live sound; for this she uses just the members of her long-standing
band: Niall Vallely (concertina), Robbie Overson (guitar), Ewan Vernal
(double bass) and Paul Meehan (guitar, mandolin, bouzouki), with just
a couple of tracks adding Michael Aharon (piano) or Erik Johnson or John
Anthony (percussion). This was a wise decision, for the immediate yet
relaxed demeanour of Karan's singing is matched closely by the close,
neat sound (credit here to Niall in his role as Karan's co-producer).
But I can't end the review without mentioning my final choices for CD
highlights, the two traditional songs which Karan performs without accompaniment
– the delightfully poised The Brown And Yellow Ale and the more
sombre ballad Jimmy Whelan. The latter rounds off this lovely release
in fine fashion.
Swedish (roots) music magazine,
Lira, issue 4/2005, Lars Fahli
Soulful. After making herself a name as the vocalist of Solas, Karan Casey
has established herself firmly as a solo artist, strong of feeling and
integrity. She interprets both traditional and modern material with the
same easiness and charm. Chasing The Sun is her fourth
album and consists mainly of original material, in traditional, acoustic
form. The album touches on well-known folk themes, like love and oppression.
Casey's voice caresses and enchants. It is a source of restrained passion.
As a storyteller she understates more than overstates. The music (guitars,
double bass, concertina, percussion) is flexible and supportive but can
occasionally seem superfluous. The six minutes long a cappella version
of Jack Whelan, which ends the album, says it all. It can hardly be more
beautiful than that.
DISTANT SHORE
Washinton Post, Geoffrey
Himes
Karan Casey's first three solo albums (1997's "Songlines,"
the 2000 children's album "Seal Maiden: A Celtic Musical" and
2001's "The Winds Begin to Sing") were dominated by traditional
Irish folk songs. As she did in the group Solas, she sang those tunes
in a silky soprano that always seemed to be holding back a little of its
power for the sake of intimacy. On her new solo effort, Casey shifts her
focus to contemporary folk-pop songs and emerges as the Irish equivalent
of Emmylou Harris.
The arrangements are still acoustic but with a looser, more impressionistic
feel, accenting the lyrics more than the pub rhythms. Casey's singing
is, if anything, even more understated, as if she were delivering these
monologues close at hand. Like Harris, she proves a terrific judge of
songs, and she alerts American audiences to several gifted Irish songwriters.
John Spillane and Louis de Paor open "The Song of Lies" with
the striking couplet, "And her mouth was as red as the fresh fallen
snow," and Ger Wolfe details the pleasures of a romantic walk through
the Irish countryside down "The Curra Road."
In recent years, Casey has recorded and toured as part of "The Crossing,"
Tim O'Brien's exploration of the links between Irish and Appalachian cultures.
O'Brien repays the favor not only by co-writing "Another Day,"
an absorbing, banjo-driven contemplation of mortality, but also by singing
and picking on several other songs. Casey's political sympathies are revealed
on Ewan MacColl's anti-death penalty narrative "The Ballad of Tim
Evans" and on Mary Brookbank's sweatshop lament "The Jute Mill
Song." Best of all is Billy Bragg's title tune, an immigration song
whose lovely melody finally gets the lustrous vocal it deserves.
Sing Out, Rob Weir
Karan Casey's latest solo venture is a thing of rare beauty. It should
also dispel any lingering notions that the Celtic genre can contain her.
There are but two traditional songs on the eleven-track CD, and she draws
from an eclectic group of songwriters for the rest. She opens with a cover
of Billy Bragg's "Distant Shore" that is as fragile as antique
crystal. Casey's wispy vocals dance in mirror lockstep with James Grant's
acoustic guitar, while producer Donald Shaw's accordion fills the background.
Casey maintains this quiet balance, even as electric instruments enter
the mix. To signal her intent to offer a varied brew, Casey follows by
finding the seam between Irish and bluegrass music on a cover of Tim O'Brien's
"Another Day," O'Brien himself lending backing vocals. Shaw
once again keeps the instrumentation in subdued check, though everything
from bouzouki to Wurlitzer organ is feathered into the score. Casey later
returns to Appalachian stylings on "The Jute-Mill Song," and
her own "Quiet of the Night" would be more at home at a hazy,
mellow piano bar than a peat-smoked Irish kitchen dance.
Casey does not abandon her roots, however. On "Lord MacDonald's"
she keens and croons in the finest traditional style. This piece is a
stunner, with Casey's tongue-twisting lead gorgeously backed by Capercaillie's
Karen Matheson, Dezi Donnelly's flying fiddle notes, and tasteful percussion
from James Mackintosh and Signy Jacobson. As good as this is, Casey surpasses
it on "Bata is Bothar," in which she uses a tape delay to echo
her own vocal and uses the cadence of the Gaelic language as its own percussion.
It is one of two songs written by John Spillane and Louis de Paor. The
other, "Song of Lies," is as heartbreakingly beautiful as "Bata"
is exciting. Special kudos go to Donald Shaw for his production work on
this album; it is among his best work in years.
Boston Globe, Alan Lewis
Karan Casey is well-known along the folk circuit for her
years as lead singer of the great Irish-American band, Solas. She has
since gone solo, and her last album, the essential "Winds Begin to
Sing," was one of the finest releases of 2001. Casey's voice is among
the loveliest in folk music, and she is a wonderful interpreter of both
contemporary and traditional material. Her use of grace notes and vibrato
has become remarkably subtle. Much of the music here is slow and pretty,
though the songs can be bittersweet, as when she takes the part of one
"So full of hope but prone to grief." The gentle "Quiet
of the Night," with a beautiful chorus, is typical of this disc's
sympathetic and uncluttered arrangements. Casey is often at her best on
songs with a quick pace. But here, she excels on a midtempo pastoral love
tune, "The Curra Road," with the refrain, "We won't worry
about the winter ... In the summer we'll go laughing, way down to the
river, down the dusty road." "The Curra Road" is a classic
of grace and simplicity and should become a folk standard.
Sunday Herald, Glasgow,
Sue Wilson *****
Formerly a frontline attraction with the Irish/ American
band Solas, Karan Casey has long been regarded as one of Ireland's most
enchanting singers. Her third solo release is a wonderfully eloquent and
moving exercise in bridge-building, as Casey traces old and new connections
between musical traditions and eras, spanning both the Irish Sea and the
Atlantic.
The opening title track, for instance, is a Billy Bragg cover, putting
a contemporary spin on the classic emigration ballad, while the Tim O'Brien/Darrell
Scott song, Another Day, sounds like a halfway stage in Celtic music's
evolution into traditional country.
There's a delicate Americana gloss, too, on Mary Brooksbank's The Jute
Mill Song, conjuring the weariness of production-line workers everywhere,
while other Scottish material includes a forlorn version of Matt McGinn's
Just A Note, and a silky duet with Capercaillie's Karen Matheson on the
Gaelic ballad Lord MacDonald's, set to a subtle dancefloor pulse.
Casey's sole songwriting contribution is the delicate, meditative Quiet
Of The Night. A stellar list of guests, including O'Brien and John Spillane
and on backing vocals, Dirk Powell on banjo, concertinist Niall Vallely
and Mike McGoldrick on whistles, is deployed with consummate taste and
restraint. The album's resulting air of understatement further highlights
the beauty of Casey's singing and the power of her chosen material.
Hot Press, Sarah Mc Quaid
(9.5/10)
Karan Casey is one of those rare singers whose voice is
such a beautiful pristine instrument that she could make the direst rubbish
sound heartfelt and poignant. Happily, such feats aren't necessary here:
for her third solo album, she's once again chosen material worthy of the
gift she possess, not least of which is a self-penned number, 'Quiet of
the Night' - the first she's recorded. Elsewhere, there are songs by the
likes of Tim O'Brien, Billy Bragg and the writing team of Louis de Paor
and John Spillane (who joins her for a duet, as does Karen Matheson of
the Scottish band Capercaillie). Multi-instrumentalist Donald Shaw, also
of Capercaillie, produced this CD, but the overall feel is more Tennessee
bluegrass than Highland thistle, thanks to the presence of five-string
banjo player Dirk Powell on a number of tracks.
Los Angeles Times, Ute Lemper
***
Casey's soprano is best known from her recordings and
performances with the Celtic band Solas. In her third solo effort, she
reaches out from the traditional repertoire to include songs by folk-rock's
Billy Bragg and bluegrass' Tim O'Brien. But it is Casey's voice, as pure
and clear as the crystal from County Waterford, where she was born, that
brings an eclectic set of Celtic-related music to life.
Irish Music Magazine, Sean
Laffey
Produced by Donald Shaw in Scotland it features a mixture
of contemporary and traditional material, (in fact mostly modern) with
only two of the tracks cited as traditional. The backing line-up represents
the young aristocracy of Celtic music, including vocalists Tim O'Brien,
Karen Matheson and John Spillane. Karan's regular band of Robbie Overson
and Niall Vallely are augmented by the likes of Dirk Powell, Michael McGoldrick
(who plays both flutes and a mean bodhrán), Dezi Donnelly, Paul
Meehan, James Grant and Cillian Vallely.
The contemporary songs come from the pens of John Spillane & Louis
de Paor, ('Bata is Bóthar' and the 'Song of Lies) Billy Bragg (the
opening Solas style 'Distant Shore'), Ger Wolfe, ('The Curra Road') Tim
O'Brien & Darrell Scott, ('Another Day'), Ewan McColl ('The Ballad
of Tim Evans') and Karan adds one of her own with ('Quiet of the Night').
The Two traditional songs are the English radical ballad 'The Four Loom
Weaver' and the Scots 'Lord MacDonalds' which is given a Donald Shaw waulking-rock
blás. The overall sound is a mix of Capercaillie meets Solas with
enough of the distinctive trio that is the Karan Casey Band shining through
to let you know this is serious talent at work. Her vocal abilities have
been sung loudly before, here she's joined by a crew of the most empathetic
musicians, from the rollicking jaunty band sound with the simple underplaying
of Dezi Donnelly's fiddle on 'Lord McDonalds' to the sparse banjo accompaniment
of the 'The Jute Mill Song', they know what to do, when to cruise, when
to rev it up. This album has variety without crass novelty and consistency
without predictability. Full of new songs that refuse to pander to a Mid-Atlantic
singer songwriter zeit gheist and old songs that have been kissed back
to life. There's nobody else doing this sort of folk thing at the moment,
it's where Kate Rusby ought to be, where Niamh Parsons sometimes briefly
and loosely went, Karan's out in front and from the looks of this will
be for many years to come.
Birmingham Post, Mike Davies
****
Former lead singer of Irish-American Celtic folk outfit
Solas, the County Waterford colleen's already carved out an impressive
solo career over the course of the two albums released since she left
to start a family. Unlike its predecessors, while there are traditional
numbers such a and Lord MacDonald's (sung in Scots Gaelic, a language
Casey doesn't speak) the emphasis is more on the contemporary. Here are
songs by Billy Bragg (the wearily beautiful title track), American bluegrass
star Tim O'Brien (Another Day), Mary Brookbank (The Jude Mill Song the
female equivalent of the preceding trad The Four Loom Weaver) and the
great Ewan MacColl (The Ballad of Tim Evans) nestling alongside contributions
by Irish writers such as Ger Wolfe (The Curra Road) and her self-penned,
intimately delivered Quiet Of The Night.
Love ballads, songs of homesickness, immigration, sweat labour, and the
miscarriage of justice paint the emotional landscape in both personal
and political colours, etched out in simple acoustic arrangements making
haunting use of fiddle, low whistle, flute, mandolin and accordion in
a manner that evokes Dolly Parton's recent return to her Appalachian roots.
Name guests include O'Brien, Karen Matheson and Donald Shaw from Capercaillie,
and Balfa Toujours banjo man Dirk Powell, but its Casey's pure voice that
strikes the most resonant notes, forging an album that while unassumingly
understated slowly stakes a strong claim as Celtic CD of the year.
www.amazon.com, Christina
Roden
The Waterford-born singer Karan Casey has been on a highly
personal journey since she left the Irish-American supergroup Solas. Her
solo albums, of which this is the third, reveal a questing nature and
a deceptively fragile-sounding, vibrato-enhanced soprano. At times, Casey
brings the early Dolly Parton to mind, especially when she's essaying
modal ballads that recall the Celtic-derived American Appalachian tradition
and its tributaries. Her material ranges from Irish and Scottish folkways
to modern story songs, many of which deal with immigration and other forms
of displacement. The poignant opening tune, composed by British songwriter-activist
Billy Bragg, is a meditation about a frightened, uprooted newcomer dealing
with homesickness and hostile natives. The sensuous yet coolly ascetic
semi-acoustic arrangements feature prominent banjo, fiddle, low whistle,
and accordion vamps, plus an atmospheric solo piano. Guest artists Karen
Matheson (lead vocals in Capercaillie ), bluegrass singer-mandolinist
Tim O'Brien, and American roots player Dirk Powell all make indelible
impressions.
www.ink19.com,
Dave Aftandilian
When I first heard Karan Casey sing with the Irish traditional
group Solas in 1995, not long after they'd gotten together, she took my
breath away. It doesn't matter what you're thinking about or where you're
hearing her sing, Karan's voice whips your head right around and commands
your full attention for as long as she's on the stage. Sometimes sweet
and vulnerable, sometimes in your face bold and brassy, Karan's singing
is always exquisitely sensitive to the song and achingly lovely to your
ear and heart.
Karan left Solas a few years back to concentrate on her solo career. Distant
Shore is her third solo album (not counting a lovely children's album
she released in 2000 called Seal Maiden), and marks a bit of a departure
for her, since all but two of the songs are contemporary rather than traditional
(compare that to her last album, The Winds Begin to Sing, on which seven
of the eleven songs were traditional). I have to say, I do miss the traditional
songs; it's not for nothing that Karan is known as one of the finest Irish
traditional singers of her generation. But her voice is in fine form on
all the songs here, the accompaniments are tasteful and adventurous, and
the album is well worth having.
One of the things that hasn't changed on this album is Karan's strong
feeling for the hard-working ordinary folks who far too often get short
shrift from the bosses and the governments. Two of the songs on Distant
Shore deal with the immigrant's experience of discrimination: the title
track by Billy Bragg and "Bara is Bóthar" ("The
Stick and the Road") by John Spillane and Louis de Paor. Karan says
those songs are on the album to give her a chance to talk about the subject
with her audiences, since prejudice against immigrants is a big problem
in Ireland today--only this time it's the Irish who are doing the unfair
kicking around of the new arrivals.
Another thing that's stayed the same is Karan's love for folk singer and
songwriter Ewan MacColl, which I heartily endorse. My favorite song on
Distant Shore is her version of his "The Ballad of Tim Evans,"
about a man who was hung for a crime he didn't commit. Karan's voice burns
with righteous rage, and the accompanying concertina and mandolin really
tear the roof off the track (delivered by her partner Niall Vallely and
American bluegrass musician Tim O'Brien, respectively). There's a simple
but very sweet composition from Karan herself, "Quiet of the Night,"
with her voice just incredibly gentle and gorgeous on the chorus: "I
love you in my heart / because you let me be." Niall returns the
sentiment with a very sweet and mellow concertina solo later in the track.
Elsewhere on the album you'll find some lovely banjo work from Dirk Powell
(of the Cajun group Balfa Toujours), fiddle from Dezi Donnelly, and flute,
whistle, and bodhran from Michael McGoldrick.
The Planet, Radio National,
Australia
Irish singer KARAN CASEY has a remarkably beautiful voice
& a keen grasp of traditional song. She also has a keen eye for good
contemporary ones and is not frightened of songs that address issues &
express opinions. Both aspects are well represented on her new CD, "DISTANT
SHORE". Its Billy Bragg-penned titlepiece - about "the human
aspect of immigration" - resonates more than a bit in present, Australian
circumstances. At least one of the centuries-old traditional songs also
sounds curiously "current".
Musicianship is excellent. Karan's accompanists include Tim O'Brien, Dirk
Powell, Donald Shaw (who produced the album) & the concertina virtuoso
to whom she is wed: NIALL VALLELY (who, presumably, is the dedicatee of
"The Quiet of the Night". The CD's one Karan Casey original
is a particularly fine love song).
Star Telegram (Dallas, TX),
Dave Ferman
Both with the Irish-American band Solas and on three solo
CDs, Ireland's Casey has established herself as one of the finest young
Celtic vocalists to emerge in the past decade or so. This fourth solo
CD mixes traditional songs such as Lord MacDonald's with originals by
Ewan MacColl and Billy Bragg, among others. From a fast-paced take on
McColl's The Ballad of Tim Evans to quiet ballads such as John Spillane
and Louis de Paor's The Song of Lies, her delicate but authoritative voice
shines. The abiding, gentle soulfulness here makes Shore an early contender
for one of the best Celtic CDs of 2003. ****
www.gomemphis.com,
Mark Jordan
Casey first came to the attention of American audiences as a founding
member of the Celtic supergroup Solas. But over the course of her three
solo albums (one made while still a member of the group, and two, including
"Distant Shore," made since her departure in 2000) she has made
a real effort to establish her own musical identity. Like her former band,
Casey has been striving to find a contemporary relevance for the Irish
music she loves. But unlike Solas, which has added nontraditional instruments
and moved steadily towards a more pop sound, Casey has opted for a more
subtle, understated approach that keeps acoustic energy and moody lyricism
of Celtic music intact.
On "Distant Shore," Casey reinvigorates the frequently staid
genre with new compositions. The title track is a Billy Bragg song, a
solid entry in the long tradition of immigrant songs. Another Day is another
of Casey's collaborations with American musician Tim O'Brien, part of
their ongoing exploration of the connections between Irish and Appalachian
music. Other song selections are notable for the political slant, such
as the decidedly anti-death Ballad of Tim Evans by the legendary British
folkster Ewan MacColl.
All the songs are well played with restraint, the emphasis solidly on
the lovely melodies and, specifically, Casey's remarkable voice, universally
hailed as one of the finest of its kind.
www.georgegraham.com,
George Graham (As broadcast on WVIA-FM 2/12/2003)
The popularity of Celtic music has paved the way for a
younger generation of performers who have gone beyond the strictly-traditional,
and who have moved into new and interesting stylistic hybrids. One of
the brightest lights on this scene has been the Irish-American band Solas,
who since the mid 1990s, has been combining a remarkable level musicianship
with a decidedly eclectic approach, doing everything from Woody Guthrie
songs to very traditional Irish music to original compositions over a
series of acclaimed albums. For the first four years of the group's existence,
their lead vocalist was Karan Casey, who has just released her third solo
recording called Distant Shore. Ms. Casey grew up in County Waterford
in Ireland and says she was surrounded by music in her family. At an early
age, she studied classical vocal technique, and started performing with
the Foran Family, who were well-known folk musicians in Ireland. Later,
she discovered jazz, and found herself enchanted with the music of Ella
Fitzgerald, Nina Simone and Billie Holiday. She came to sing jazz and
pop in various pub bands in Ireland, and then became a member of Atlantic
Bridge. It was while she was with that group performing in New York that
she was recruited by Seamus Egan along with Winifred Horan, John Doyle
and others for Solas. Egan was already a championship musician while still
in his teens, on multiple instruments. Solas brought together some of
the finest young Irish and Celtic musicians, and Ms. Casey was a prominent
part with her superb, downright beautiful vocals. Departing amicably from
Solas to start a family, Ms. Casey began a series of solo albums and a
somewhat reduced touring schedule. She continued in the Solas tradition
of outstanding musicianship and varied material. On her last album, she
even did a Billie Holiday song. Her new release, Distant Shore continues
her musical journey, with an interesting collection of songs from much
people as English protest singer Billy Bragg, American bluegrass and country
artist Tim O'Brien, the late Scottish folksinger Ewan MacColl and even
one original piece, from an artist who does not do much writing. She also
has a number of guests, including O'Brien, vocalist Karen Matheson and
multi-instrumentalist Donald Shaw of the Scottish band Capercaillie, American
folk banjo player Dirk Powell, plus some of the musicians who appeared
on her last CD The Winds Begin to Sing, including Shaw and bassist Ewan
Vernal. As is usual for a recording that sounds like old traditional British
Isles music, the lyrics can run from tender, poetic love ballads, to a
song about murder and violence. Actually, there is less of the death and
destruction among Distant Shore's musical narratives than on her last
CD, which was full of it. But, as was the case last time, it's a fascinating
juxtaposition to hear Ms. Casey's wonderful voice song a song about a
man facing the gallows for a murder he did not commit. The instrumentation
is not always purely in the Irish style, with some electric instruments,
synthesizer, electric guitar. The CD begins with the Billy Bragg song
that comprises the title track. Ms. Casey's interpretation of Distant
Shore is light years from that of Bragg, and she gives the song a very
nice treatment. It is one of a few songs on the CD about immigration or
being away from home. From a quiet beginning the arrangement gains momentum,
but never distracts attention from Ms. Casey's voice.
Ms. Casey has done some touring with Nashville-based Tim
O'Brien, who in turn has been doing some Irish collaborations. Ms. Casey
performs Another Day, written by O'Brien with Darrell Scott, a really
outstanding composition with philosophical lyrics. O'Brien lends a hand
on backing vocals, while Dirk Powell's clawhammer-style banjo playing
helps to give the piece a bittersweet sound. One of the most powerful
songs on the CD is The Ballad of Tim Evans, written by Ewan MacColl, who
also wrote the Roberta Flack hit The First Tim Ever I Saw Your Face. The
song recounts the prosecution and persecution of an accused killer, who
is hanged, but turns out to be innocent. O'Brien also provides the backing
vocals.
One of the most lyrically intriguing pieces is The Song
of Lies, written by John Spillane and Louis de Paor. Ms. Casey does the
song as a tender ballad, while the lyrics are full of amusing non-sequitors
and contradictory metaphors. <<>> Also musically melancholy
in sound is Just a Note, by Matt McGinn. It's another song of homesickness.
It takes the form of a tender letter from an itinerant worker to his wife.
There are two tracks not in English. Lord MacDonald's
is in Scots Gaelic, a language Ms. Casey did not know, and she said it
was a challenge after agreeing to do the song with Capercaillie's Karen
Matheson. The appealing reel translates as a kind of joyful love song,
about young man courting a girl named Morag.
In Irish is Bata is Bothar, which translates as "The
Stick and the Road," and is another song about being away from one's
homeland in search of work and a better life.
The one original song by Ms. Casey is the well-named Quiet
Is the Night. It's a very pretty love song, but is perhaps the least-Celtic
sounding song on the CD.
Karen Casey's new CD Distant Shore is another outstanding
recording by perhaps the finest voice to come out of the new Celtic scene.
In addition to her thoroughly enchanting vocals, Ms. Casey comes up with
an intriguing collection of material from a rather wide variety of mostly
non-traditional sources, from Billy Bragg to Ms. Casey herself. In the
tradition of her previous band Solas, the musicianship is superb and the
treatments of the songs very tasteful. The arrangements provide a Celtic
aura, but often lead to other stylistic venues, but without distracting
from the songs or Ms. Casey's voice. As on her last CD in 2001, Capercaillie's
Donald Shaw served as producer, and did an excellent job balancing the
eclecticism with the traditional elements. Our grade for sound quality
is definitely an "A," with the acoustic instruments well-treated,
and the subtleties of the arrangements nicely preserved. The CD also has
a better than average dynamic range, helping to give the recording more
immediacy. A decade or so ago, the Celtic scene was dominated by performances
of traditional music. Karen Casey is an excellent example of an talented
artist building on the traditions and taking the music in new directions.
But whether or not you're much of a Celtic music fan, her CD Distant Shore,
is an instantly appealing and memorable recording.
LIVE
Bangor
Daily News, Tom Groening
(Live review from National
Folk Festival 2003 in Bangor ,Maine)
Thanks to Riverdance and the Boston-Ireland connection, Celtic music can
hardly be described as exotic here in New England. In fact, most of us
have heard enough Irish, Scottish and English ballads, jigs and reels
to be able to tell whether they're played well.The Karan Casey Band not
only exceeded that standard in its performance at the Railroad Stage on
Saturday, but successfully juiced up the traditional Celtic sound with
a splash of acoustic funk here and a dab of blues there.The focal point
of the four-piece band was Casey's voice. Silky, sensuous and with the
timbre of a well-played flute, its pitch-perfect trills on up-tempo songs
and long-sustained notes on ballads spanned the range from joy to heartbreak
that can be found in the Celtic tradition. The band - Robby Overson on
acoustic guitar, Niall Vallely on concertina and whistles, and Steve Nayone
on bass - was a worthy match, providing a strong groove or a delicate
coloring as needed in the 10-song set."The Madness of My Heart"
was a standout, as Casey alternated between English and Gaelic lyrics,
while Overson played insistent riffs on guitar and Vallely added blues
notes on - of all things - the concertina. Casey and Overson scored points
with the audience for keeping their cool as a hovering helicopter competed
with them, and later as gusts of wind knocked down equipment on stage.
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